Prendre du muscle repose sur trois piliers : un léger surplus calorique, assez de protéines, et une progression à l'entraînement. Ce guide couvre l'alimentation de prise de masse (programmes, repas, recettes) et les gainers, ces poudres hypercaloriques utiles quand on peine à manger assez.
Ordres de grandeur issus des références citées dans nos guides (ISSN, EFSA, ANSES).
Qu'est-ce qu'une prise de masse ?
La prise de masse est une période pendant laquelle on mange au-dessus de ses besoins pour construire du muscle. Prendre du poids en fait partie : il est illusoire de vouloir gagner du muscle sans jamais voir la balance bouger.
Toute la difficulté consiste à ce que ce poids gagné soit surtout du muscle, pas de la graisse. Cela se joue sur trois leviers seulement : l'alimentation, l'entraînement et la récupération.
Quel surplus calorique viser ?
Un excédent de 10 à 15 % au-dessus de votre dépense journalière suffit largement, soit environ 250 à 400 kcal de plus. Au-delà, le gain supplémentaire part en graisse.
Pour connaître votre point de départ, utilisez notre calculateur de besoins caloriques : il vous donne directement votre objectif de prise de masse.
Les protéines, le nerf de la guerre
Un surplus calorique sans protéines suffisantes construit surtout du gras. Visez environ 1,6 g par kilo de poids de corps et par jour2, répartis sur trois à cinq prises.
L'entraînement fait le tri
C'est lui qui décide si les calories en excès deviennent du muscle. Le principe non négociable est la surcharge progressive : ajouter au fil des semaines une répétition ou un peu de charge. Sans progression à l'entraînement, manger plus ne fait que faire grossir.
Combien de temps, et à quel rythme ?
Comptez au minimum trois à quatre mois pour un résultat visible. Un rythme sain se situe autour de 250 à 500 g par semaine chez un débutant, moitié moins chez un pratiquant avancé. Plus vite, c'est de la graisse.
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Chaque affirmation nutritionnelle de cet article s'appuie sur ces publications.